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Ratio Control Simulator

Ratio Control: Air to Fuel Burner

In ratio control one flow is free (the wild flow, here the fuel gas set by the burner load) and a second flow is made to follow it at a set ratio (the controlled flow, here the combustion air). Change the burner load or upset the air supply, and compare a fixed air valve with ratio control and with ratio control plus oxygen trim. Watch the flame, the flue gas oxygen and the trends.

BLOWER AIR (controlled) FUEL GAS (wild flow) FURNACE FLUE GAS AT FT FT burner load valve (operator) RATIO STATION FIC-2 air flow controller O2 TRIM fuel rich (smoky)good (blue)too much air (pale)

What is happening now

Readings

Fuel gas flow (wild)
Air flow (actual)
Air flow wanted (ratio x fuel)
Actual air : fuel ratio
Ratio the fuel really needs
Excess air
Flue gas oxygen
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Air valve opening

Why use ratio control?

Safe combustion. Burning fuel with too little air makes smoke, soot and carbon monoxide, and can cause explosions. Ratio control keeps the air in step with the fuel.
Saves fuel. Too much air cools the flame and carries heat up the stack. Holding the ratio means just enough extra air and less wasted fuel.
Fast and simple. The ratio station reacts to the wild flow at once, and the flow controller deals with air supply problems such as blower pressure changes.
O2 trim. The fuel gas can change quality. A slow oxygen controller adjusts the ratio so the flue gas oxygen stays at its target.

1Choose the control type

2Create a disturbance

Wild flow disturbance (burner load changes)
Nm3/h
Air supply disturbance
Fuel quality disturbance
Air the fuel needs = the exact air : fuel ratio for complete burning (stoichiometric). The ratio you set should be a little above it, to leave excess air.

3Watch

Air flow: actual and wanted

blue = actual air, orange dashed = air wanted (ratio x fuel flow), Nm3/h. Last 240 s.

Air : fuel ratio

blue = actual ratio, orange dashed = ratio setting, grey dotted = ratio fuel needs. Blue below grey means too little air.

Flue gas oxygen (%)

blue = oxygen, orange dashed = target 2.5 %, red = low limit 1 %.

The Ratio Control Simulator demonstrates how air and fuel flows are coordinated in an industrial burner to achieve safe and efficient combustion. Compare fixed air control, ratio control, and ratio control with oxygen trim using interactive process conditions.

Adjust burner load, blower pressure, fuel quality, and the air-to-fuel ratio to observe changes in flame appearance, excess air, flue gas oxygen, and carbon monoxide levels. Understand how the ratio station and air flow controller maintain the required air supply as fuel demand changes.

This interactive simulator is ideal for instrumentation engineers, technicians, and students learning process control, combustion control, DCS applications, and industrial burner operation.

Try the simulator below to understand why ratio control improves combustion efficiency and how oxygen trim compensates for changes in fuel quality.